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Alejandra Forlán Corazo (born March 1974) is a Uruguayan psychologist, lecturer, and activist.
== Biography ==
The daughter of Pilar Corazo and Pablo Forlán, and sister of footballer Diego Forlán, Alejandra studied psychology at the Catholic University of Uruguay. She earned a master's degree in consulting and human resources from the University of the Balearic Islands, working with adolescents. She obtained her diploma as the first female FIFA agent of Uruguay.
On 14 September 1991, at age 17, Alejandra Forlán and her boyfriend Gonzalo were in an automobile accident on a rainy morning. The young man was killed instantly in the collision; neither of them had a seatbelt on. After the impact, Forlán realized that she could not move her body. Her injuries caused irreversible damage, and after months of rehabilitation she remained paraplegic.
On 24 March 2009 she created the Alejandra Forlán Foundation, a nonprofit organization based in Montevideo, whose main objective is to promote and equalize the rights of people with different abilities, work on the prevention of traffic accidents, and create support networks for people with limitations. It has organized publicity campaigns promoting non-alcoholic drinks, charity golf tournaments, and The Road Show, an event featuring testimonies of people whose lives were changed by accidents.
From 2010 to 1 March 2015, Forlán was vice president of Uruguay's National Road Safety Unit (Unasev).
== Awards ==
2011 – International Women's Day Award from the Departmental Board of Montevideo for her contribution and input to society
2013 – Woman of the Year Award, for social volunteering
== References ==
== External links ==
Alejandra Forlán Foundation (in Spanish)

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Anders Gustaf Ekeberg (16 January 1767 in Stockholm, Sweden – 11 February 1813 in Uppsala, Sweden) was a Swedish analytical chemist who discovered tantalum in 1802.
Notably, he was deaf.
== Education ==
Anders Gustav Ekeberg was a Swedish scientist, mathematician and expert in Greek literature.
His father, Joseph Erik Ekeberg, was a shipbuilder. His uncle was Carl Gustaf Ekeberg.
Anders Gustav Ekeberg attended school at Kalmar, Söderåkra, Vestervik, and Karlskrona.
He was a gifted student and enrolled at Uppsala University in 1784, graduating in 1788. His thesis addressed the extraction of oils from seeds. In 1789 and 1790, he traveled and studied in Germany, hearing Martin Heinrich Klaproth lecture in Berlin as well as Christian Ehrenfried Weigel in Greifswald.
== Career ==
In 1794, Anders Gustav Ekeberg began teaching at Uppsala. He was a supporter of Antoine Lavoisier's proposals for systematizing chemical nomenclature. In 1795 he and Pehr von Afzelius published the first article to introduce the modern names for chemical elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen into the Swedish language, "On the Present State of Chemical Sciences".
He was made docent in chemistry in 1794 and experimentator (laborator) in 1799, working as a demonstrator in the laboratory of Torbern Bergman. In 1798 he lectured on the theory of combustion.
In 1799, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
Ekeberg had poor health throughout his life. During his childhood a severe cold had impaired his hearing, which was further weakened over the years, so that it hindered his teaching activities. Subsequently, a gas explosion blinded him in one eye.
Ekeberg was portrayed by his friends and students as a kind and gentle man. He died, unmarried, at the age of 46.
== Research ==
Ekeberg analyzed a number of the minerals found at Ytterby and Falun. In 1802 he analyzed specimens of tantalite from Kimito, Finland, and of yttrotantalite from Ytterby, Sweden. He is credited with finding the element tantalum in both.
Ekeberg named the new element after the mythical Ancient Greek demigod Tantalus. According to legend, he was condemned to eternal frustration when he had to stand in water up to his neck, but the water receded as he attempted to drink.
== The Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Tantalum Prize ==
In 2018 the Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center established The Anders Gustaf Ekeberg Tantalum Prize ("Ekeberg Prize"), an annual award to recognize excellence in tantalum research. The Prize will increase awareness of the many unique properties of tantalum products and the applications in which they excel.
The inaugural winner of the Ekeberg Prize was Yuri Freeman, for his book "Tantalum and Niobium-Based Capacitors" (Springer, 2018).
== References ==
== External links ==
Works by Anders Gustaf Ekeberg at Project Gutenberg

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Bertha Gyndykes Dkhar is a visually impaired Indian educationist, best known as the inventor of the braille code in Khasi. In 2010, the Government of India awarded her with the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award.
== Early life ==
Bertha Gyndykes Dkhar was born in Shillong, Meghalaya as a visually-impaired child with retinitis pigmentosa, a disease which causes degeneration of the retina, and lost the eyesight completely while she was in college due to which she had to abandon her studies. Without means to support herself, she sold fruits in the market for a living. Continuing with efforts to overcome the disability, Dkhar researched in Braille code and designed the code in Khasi, the local language in Meghalaya.
== Work and recognition ==
Bertha Dkhar is the headmistress of the Jyoti Sroat School, a school run by the Bethany Society for the visually impaired children. She received the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri, when she featured in the 2010 Indian Republic Day honours list. She is also a recipient of the national award for Child Welfare from the Government of India in 2000.
== See also ==
Braille code
== References ==
== External links ==
"Padma Shri Investiture Ceremony". News photo. Economic Times. 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
== Further reading ==

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Charles Chilton (27 September 1860 – 25 October 1929) was a New Zealand zoologist, the first rector to be appointed in Australasia, and the first person to be awarded a D.Sc. degree in New Zealand.
== Biography ==
Chilton was born on 27 September 1860 at Little Marstone, Pencombe, son of Thomas Chilton, (near Leominster, Herefordshire, England) but emigrated with his family to New Zealand in 1862. They settled on a farm at East Eyreton, North Canterbury. He was troubled by his hips from an early age, and had his left leg amputated, using an artificial leg and a crutch thereafter.
He entered Canterbury College in 1875 as an unmatriculated student, and matriculated three years later. In 1881, he gained a Master of Art with first class honours, having been taught by Frederick Hutton, who inspired him to take up biology, especially the study of crustaceans, which had been little studied in New Zealand up to that time. Chilton's first scientific publication followed that same year, when he described three new species of crustacean (two crabs and one isopod) from Lyttelton Harbour and Lake Pupuke. He surprised the scientific world later that year by describing four species of amphipod and isopod from groundwaters at the family farm in Eyreton. He went on to discover the isopod Phreatoicus typicus in the same location, the first example ever described of the suborder Phreatoicidea, the "earliest derived isopod[s]".
Chilton gained the first BSc degree from the University of New Zealand in 1887, and married Elizabeth Jack, whom he had met at Dunedin Training College, in 1888. In 1893, he gained the first D.Sc. awarded in New Zealand, but in 1895, the family moved to Edinburgh, where Chilton studied medicine in an attempt to improve his career. He specialised in ophthalmic surgery, working at The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, before travelling to study at Heidelberg, Vienna and London in 1900. In 1901, he returned to New Zealand and in 1903 took on the Chair of Biology at the University of Canterbury. From 1904 to 1911, the Chilton family lived at Llanmaes, a house built by Francis Petre in central Christchurch.
In 1907 Chilton was selected to be a member of the 1907 Sub-Antarctic Islands Scientific Expedition. The main aim of the expedition was to extend the magnetic survey of New Zealand by investigating Auckland and Campbell Islands but botanical, biological and zoological surveys were also conducted. The voyage also resulted in rescue of the castaways of the shipwreck the Dundonald in the Auckland Islands. Chilton was the editor of the subsequent scientific reports resulting from the expedition.
Chilton was instrumental in establishing the Cass Field Station (formerly Canterbury College Mountain Biological Station), the building of which was completed in 1914.
In 1915, Frank Chilton, the couple's only child, a second-year medical student and a lieutenant in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, was killed in the Battle of Gallipoli.
Charles Chilton became rector of Canterbury University College in 1921, the first time such a post had been granted in Australia or New Zealand. He was a member of the Board of Governors of Canterbury Agricultural College in Lincoln (now Lincoln University), and chairman of the board in 1927. In 1922 he was awarded the Mueller Medal by the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science.
Chilton died on 25 October 1929 of a sudden attack of pneumonia, before he could collect his life's work into a single monograph. He had published 130 papers on crustaceans, mostly amphipods, isopods and decapods, from all around the world, but especially from New Zealand, subterranean and sub-Antarctic waters.
== See also ==
List of New Zealand scientists
Paraleptamphopus, a genus of groundwater amphipods discovered by Chilton
== References ==
== External links ==
Media related to Charles Chilton (zoologist) at Wikimedia Commons

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Chen Yinke, or Chen Yinque (3 July 1890 – 7 October 1969), was a Chinese historian. One of the most original and respected scholars in twentieth-century China, Chen was elected to the first cohort of Academia Sinica academicians in 1948 and as an inaugural academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955. A polyglot with command of more than twenty languages, he was especially versed in classical scripts including Sanskrit, Old Turkic, and Tangut. His scholarship ranged broadly across literature, history, philosophy, and religious studies, distinguished by rigorous textual criticism. His notable works are Draft Essays on the Origins of Sui and Tang Institutions (隋唐制度淵源略論稿), Draft Outline of Tang Political History (唐代政治史述論稿), and An Alternative Biography of Liu Rushi (柳如是別傳).
== Biography ==
=== Early life ===
Chen Yinke was born in Changsha, Hunan in 1890, and his ancestral home was Yining, Jiangxi (now Xiushui County, Jiujiang). Yinke's father Chen Sanli was a famous poet, one of the "Four Gentlemen" of the Hundred Days' Reform. His grandfather was Chen Baozhen, the governor of Hunan between 1895 and 1898.
As a boy, Chen Yinke attended a private school in Nanjing, and was once a student of Wang Bohang, a sinologist. His family had a distinguished tradition in classical learning, so he was exposed from an early age to the Chinese classics, to history, and to philosophy. In 1902 he went to Japan with his elder brother Chen Hengke to study at the Kobun Gakuin (Kobun Institute) in Tokyo, where other Chinese students such as Lu Xun were also enrolled. In 1905 he was forced to return to China due to beriberi, and studied at Fudan Public School, Shanghai.
In 1910 he obtained a scholarship to study at Berlin University, and later at the University of Zurich and Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris. In 1914 he came back to China due to World War I.
In winter 1918 he got another official scholarship from Jiangxi to study abroad again. He studied Sanskrit and Pali at Harvard University under Charles Rockwell Lanman. At Harvard he first met Wu Mi, who was then studying literature under Irving Babbitt. They became lifelong friends.
In 1921, he went to Berlin University to study oriental languages under Heinrich Lüders, Central Asian languages under F. W. K. Müller, and Mongolian under Erich Haenisch. He acquired a knowledge of Mongolian, Tibetan, Manchu, Japanese, Sanskrit, Pali, English, French, German, Persian, Turkic, Tangut, Latin, and Greek. Particularly notable was his mastery of Sanskrit and Pali. Xia Zengyou once said to him: "It is good for you to be able to read books in foreign languages. I know only Chinese so I have no more to read after finishing all the Chinese books."
=== Tsinghua period ===
In March 1925, he returned to China again, meanwhile Wu Mi was in charge of the Institute of Guoxue Studies, Tsinghua School. He accepted the invitation to become a supervisor at Institute of Guoxue Studies, together with Wang Guowei, Liang Qichao and Zhao Yuanren. In 1928 Tsinghua School was restructured to become Tsinghua University. Chen was employed as professor at Chinese Language and Literature Department and History Department, while also adjunct with Peking University. Chen married Tang Yun (唐筼), granddaughter of Tang Jingsong, former governor of Republic of Formosa, in summer 1928. During this time he mainly gave lectures on Buddhist texts translation, historical documents of Jin dynasty, Northern and Southern dynasties, Sui dynasty, Tang dynasty, and Mongolia. He also became adjunct member of Board of Academia Sinica, research fellow and director of Department 1 of the Institute of History and Philology, board member of National Palace Museum, member of the Committee of Qing Dynasty's Documents. Among the many students at this time who went on to scholarly careers were Zhou Yiliang and Yang Lien-sheng.
After the Second Sino-Japanese War began, Chen moved to National Southwestern Associated University, Kunming, Yunnan, teaching lectures on history of Jin dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties, history of Sui dynasty and Tang dynasty, and poetry of Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi.
=== During World War II ===
In 1939, Oxford University offered him a professorship in Chinese History. He left for Hong Kong in September 1940 on his way to United Kingdom, but was forced to return to Kunming due to ongoing battles. In 1941 he became a guest professor with Hong Kong University to teach history of Sui dynasty and Tang dynasty. Since the Japanese occupation in Hong Kong began in the end of 1941, he conducted history research at home, which resulted in the writing of A Brief Introduction to the Political History of Tang Dynasty. In July 1942, Chen fled to Guilin to teach in Guangxi University, later in December 1943 he moved to Chengdu to teach in Yenching University. He became employed by Tsinghua University for a second time in 1946.
Chen had a degenerative eye condition and lost his vision during the 1940s.
=== At Lingnan University ===
He began to teach at Lingnan University, Guangzhou in late 1948. As a result of a nationwide restructure campaign across universities and colleges, Lingnan University was merged into Zhongshan University in 1952. Chen Yinke taught courses on history of Jin dynasty and Southern and Northern Dynasties, history of Tang dynasty, and yuefu of Tang dynasty. One of Chen's major texts was An Extended Biographer of Liu Rushi, which recorded Liu's involvement in the anti-Manchu resistance movement.
In 1953, Chen declined an offer to lead Beijing's newly-established Institute of History.
He became vice president of Central Research Institute of Culture and History in July 1960.
In 1962, Chen was injured after falling down and disabled as a result. Around this time, his hearing also deteriorated and he developed a gastrointestinal ailment.
He finished this last major work in 1964.
=== During Cultural Revolution ===

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Chen was persecuted during the Cultural Revolution due to his previous connection with the out-of-favor Tao Zhu. He and his wife's salaries were frozen by the Red Guards. Several times he was forced to write statements to clarify his political standings: "I have never done anything harmful to Chinese people in my life. I have been a teacher for 40 years, only doing teaching and writing, but nothing practical (for Kuomintang)". Many of his book collections and manuscripts were stolen. Red Guards surrounded his home with loudspeakers, to force Chen, whom they viewed as a "reactionary academic" to listen to the revolutionary masses.
He died in Guangzhou on 7 October 1969 for heart failure and sudden bowel obstruction. 11 days later his obituary was published by the Southern Daily. The bone ashes of Chen and his wife was at first stored at Yinhe Revolutionary Cemetery, but moved to Lushan Botanical Garden in 2003. They are now buried near the "Tomb of the Three Elders"(Hu Xiansu, Ren-Chang Ching and Chen Fenghuai).
== Ideology ==
In 1952, Chen composed two poems, "The Female Impersonator" (男旦) and "Impromptu Verses on Watching the New Play of the Thirteenth Sister" (偶觀十三妹新劇戲作), in which he compared the Communist Thought Reform to theatrical cross-dressing, either transforming men into women or an old man into a young girl.
In 1953, Chen was invited to relocate from Guangzhou to Beijing to head the Second Institute of Historical Research (Institute of Medieval History) at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In his "Reply to the Chinese Academy of Sciences" dated 1 December, he set out two conditions for accepting the post: that the institute be exempt from Marxist doctrine and compulsory political lectures, and that he be furnished with a written endorsement from either Mao Zedong or Liu Shaoqi as a guarantee. He explained that without consensus from the country's paramount political and party leaders, meaningful academic research would be impossible. Having effectively declined the position on these terms, Chen was instead invited by Guo Moruo to serve on the editorial board of Historical Research, the journal of the Institute of Historical Research (now Chinese Academy of History).
In the second half of 1954, the Chinese Academy of Sciences began electing its first cohort of academicians. Chen's nomination encountered resistance during deliberations, owing to his refusal to head the Second Institute of Historical Research and his public disavowal of Marxism. The matter was ultimately referred to Mao, who instructed that he be elected.
Chen opposed the simplification of Chinese characters. Before the PRC promulgated its simplification scheme in 1956, he attempted to convey his objections to Mao through Zhang Shizhao, who reported back that the matter was unnegotiable. Chen never wrote in simplified characters and left instructions that his works be published exclusively in traditional characters with vertical typesetting. Publishers in China honored this wish until October 2019, when his works entered the public domain fifty years after his death. In 2020, Yilin Press raised controversy by publishing the first simplified-character edition of Chen's works.
== Posthumous reception ==
Political and academic debate of Chen's legacy contributed to a surge of interest in Chen and his life in the Sinophone world beginning in the early 1980s and contributing to the 2000s. Public discussions, biographies, dramas, and documentaries characterized Chen as a "master of national learning" and intellectual of major significance.
In 1995, Lu Jiandong's book The Last Twenty Years of Chen Yinke prompted major debate about Chen in the Chinese public sphere. Similar melodramatic narratives of Chen were published in newspapers, magazines, and by the popular press. Chinese liberal intellectuals promoted these narratives. Critics contended that Lu's approach used hollow rhetoric to exaggerate Chen's psychological trauma and China's cultural despair.
Chen's legacy has significantly shaped the self-conception of Chinese liberal intellectuals.
In his essay The Unfreedom of Literati, academic Ge Zhaoguang describes Chen as having been conflicted between two approaches, that of the traditional Chinese "scholar-official" seeking to save the nation and the modern scholar who adheres to neutral academic norms. Writing approvingly, Zhu Xueqin contends that Chen's refusal to commit to any ideological doctrine makes him a perfect embodiment of classic liberalism.
== List of works ==
《寒柳堂集》
《金明館叢稿初編》(Writings on Jin Ming Guan, Vol. 1)
《金明館叢稿二編》(Writings on Jin Ming Guan, Vol. 2)
《陈寅恪魏晋南北朝史讲演录》、萬繩楠整理，黃山書社1987年版 (Chen Yinke Lectures on History of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties),
《隋唐制度淵源略論稿》(A Brief Introduction to the Origins of Institutions of Sui and Tang Dynasties)
《唐代政治史述論稿》(A Brief Introduction to the Political History of Tang Dynasty)
《元白詩箋證稿》(On Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi's Poems), referring to the poets Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi, famous in Chinese history
《柳如是別傳》(A Supplementary Biography of Liu Rushi)
《詩集 附唐篔詩存》
《書信集》
《讀書札記一集》
《讀書札記二集》
《讀書札記三集》
《講義及雜稿》
《陳寅恪史學論文選集》，上海古籍出版社1992年版，收文五十二篇。
《陳寅恪先生全集》，里仁書局1979年，收文九十四篇。(Chen Yinke Xiansheng Quanji, Chen Yinke's Entire Collection)
《论再生缘》Lun Zaishengyuan (On Reincarnation)
《陈寅恪学术文化随笔》Chen Yinke Xueshu Wenhua Suibi (Essays on Chen Yinke's Academy and Culture)
《陈寅恪文集》Chen Yinke Wenji (Collection of Chen Yin Ke)
《陈寅恪集》Chen Yinke Ji (Corpus of Chen Yin Ke)
== Notes ==
== References ==
Wu Mi and Chen Yinke, by Wu Xuezhao, Tsinghua University Press, ISBN 978-7-302-00974-0
On Memories of Chen Yinke, by Zhang Jie and Yang Yanli, Social Science Academy Press, ISBN 978-7-80149-158-9
Analysis of Chen Yinke, by Zhang Jie and Yang Yanli, Social Science Academy Press, ISBN 978-7-80149-159-6
Chronicles of Chen Yinke (revised), by Jiang Tianshu, Shanghai Ancient Book Press, 1997
The Last 20 Years of Chen Yinke, by Lu Jiandong, 陆键东，《陈寅恪的最后二十年》，Linking Press, 1997
Biography of Historian Chen Yinke, by Wong Young-tsu, Peking University Press
Who Wanted to Come to Taiwan? By Li Ao
On Chen Yinke, By Yu Dawei et al.
Explanation and Argumentations of Late Chen Yinke's Writings, by Yu Yingshi, 1998
Four Sirs in Late Qing Dynasty, by Gao Yang, Crown Press 1983
The Family History of Chen Yinke, by Zhang Qiu Hui, Guangdong Education Press, 2000
Yu, Ying-shih (1999), in Boyd, Kelly (ed.), Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing Vol 1, Chicago; London: Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 198–199, ISBN 9781884964336
== Further reading (Chinese) ==
Chen Xiaocong 陈小从. 图说义宁陈氏. 山东画报出版社. 2004. ISBN 9787806037942.
Wang Zhenbang 王震邦. 獨立與自由：陳寅恪論學. 聯經出版. 2011. ISBN 9789570838343.
Zhang Qiuhui 张求会. 陈寅恪的家族史. 广东教育出版社. 2007. ISBN 9787540643768.
汪荣祖. 史家陈寅恪传. 北京大学出版社. 2005. ISBN 9787301077566.
蔣天樞. 陳寅恪先生編年事輯. 上海古籍出版社. 1997. ISBN 9787532521890.
陆键东. 陈寅恪的最后20年. 生活·读书·新知三联书店. 1995. ISBN 9787108008046.
张杰, 杨燕丽. 追忆陈寅恪. Social Sciences Literature Press. 1999. ISBN 9787801491589.
张杰, 杨燕丽. 解析陈寅恪. Social Sciences Literature Press. 1999. ISBN 9787801491596.
劉克敵. 陳寅恪和他的同時代人. 時英出版社. 2007. ISBN 9789867762832.
岳南. 陈寅恪与傅斯年. 陕西师范大学出版社. 2008. ISBN 9787561343326.
吴学昭. 吴宓与陈寅恪. 清华大学出版社. 1992. ISBN 9787302009740.
余英時. 陳寅恪晚年詩文釋證(二版). 東大圖書公司. 2011. ISBN 9789571930213.
纪念陈寅恪先生诞辰百年学术论文集. 北京大学出版社. 1989. ISBN 9787301008416.
罗志田. 陈寅恪的"不古不今之学". 近代史研究. 2008, (6).
項念東. 錢穆論陳寅恪：一場並未公開的學術論爭. 博覽群書. 2008, (3).
俞大維等. 談陳寅恪. 傳記文學.
李敖，《誰要來台灣？》，收在《笑傲五十年》
羅香林，《回憶陳寅恪師》
Chen Zhesan 陳哲三：《陳寅恪軼事》
罗志田：〈陈寅恪学术表述臆解〉。
羅志田：〈從歷史記憶看陳寅恪與乾嘉考據的關係〉。
陸揚：〈陈寅恪的文史之学——从1932年清华大学国文入学试题谈起〉。
王晴佳：〈陈寅恪、傅斯年之关系及其他——以台湾中研院所见档案为中心〉。
陳建華：〈从"以诗证史"到"以史证诗"——读陈寅恪《柳如是别传》札记〉。
程美宝：〈陈寅恪与牛津大学〉。
Chen Huaiyu 陈怀宇：〈陈寅恪《吾国学术之现状及清华之职责》疏证〉。
陈怀宇：〈陈寅恪留学哈佛史事钩沉及其相关问题〉。
陈怀宇：〈陈寅恪与赫尔德——以了解之同情为中心〉。
沈亞明：〈陳寅恪書信時序索引（初稿）〉。
== Portrait ==
Chen Yinke. A Portrait by Kong Kai Ming at Portrait Gallery of Chinese Writers (Hong Kong Baptist University Library).
== External links ==
A Brief Biography of Chen Yinke
Chen Yinke: Professor of Professors
Guoxue Master in the 20th Century: Chen Yinque
The Two Scholars Who Haunt Tsinghua University (essay on Wang Guowei and Chen Yinque)

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Nils Gustaf Dalén (Swedish: [ˈɡɵ̂sːtav daˈleːn] ; 30 November 1869 – 9 December 1937) was a Swedish engineer and inventor who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1912 "for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys".
== Early years ==
Dalén was born in Stenstorp, a small village in Falköping Municipality, Västra Götaland County. He managed the family farm, which he expanded to include a market garden, a seed merchants and a dairy. In 1892 he invented a milk-fat tester to check milk quality of the milk delivered and went to Stockholm to show his new invention for Gustaf de Laval. de Laval was impressed by the self-taught Dalén and the invention and encouraged him to get a basic technical education. He was admitted to the Chalmers University of Technology where he earned his Master's degree and a Doctorate on leaving in 1896. Dalén was much the same type of inventor as Gustaf de Laval, not afraid of testing "impossible" ideas, but Dalén was much more careful with the company economy. The products should have a solid market place before he introduced a new product.
== Career with AGA ==
In 1906 Dalén became chief engineer at the Gas Accumulator Company (manufacturer and distributor of acetylene) and in 1909 when AGA was founded, he was appointed the managing director for the company. During his life, AGA was one of the most innovative companies in Sweden and produced a large variety of products that grew every year. Finally in the early 1970s AGA was forced to reduce the number of markets it was involved in and concentrate on the production of gases for industrial use.
In 1909 he ascended to the position of managing director of the renamed company Svenska Aktiebolaget Gasaccumulator (AGA). AGA developed lighthouses using Dalén's products. In 1910 the company bought a large real estate in Lidingö and built a production plant that was completed around 1912, when they moved out from the facilities in Stockholm.
=== Dalén light ===
Initially Dalén worked with acetylene (IUPAC: ethyne), a flammable and sometimes explosive hydrocarbon gas. Dalén invented Agamassan (Aga), a substrate used to absorb the gas allowing safe storage and hence commercial exploitation.
Acetylene produced an ultra-bright white light which superseded the less bright LPG as the fuel of choice for lighthouse illumination.
Dalén exploited the new fuel, developing the Dalén light which incorporated another invention, the sun valve. This device allowed the light to operate only at night, conserving fuel, and extending their service life to over a year.
The 'Dalen Flasher' was a device that, except for a small pilot light, only consumed gas during the flash stage. This reduced gas consumption by more than 90%. The AGA lighthouse equipment worked without any type of electric supply and was thus extremely reliable.
To a rugged coastal area like Scandinavia, his mass-produced, robust, minimal maintenance buoys were a significant boon to safety and livelihood. AGA Lighthouses covered the entire Panama Canal.
=== AGA cooker ===
In 1922 he patented his invention of the AGA cooker. Most of the testing for the cooker was made in his private kitchen in his Villa Ekbacken that was built when AGA moved to Lidingö in 1912 but that he never actually had a chance to see with his own eyes. His family helped him with the development work, checking temperatures, airflow etc., as the development work proceeded.
== Personal life ==
His parents were Anders and Lovisa Dalén. He married Elma Persson in 1901. They had four children, two daughters and two sons:
Maja, married Silfverstolpe (1904–1995)
Gunnar (1905–1970)
Anders (1907–1994)
Inga-Lisa, married Keen (1910–2004)
=== The accident in 1912 ===
Early in 1912, Dalén was blinded in an acetylene explosion during a test of maximum pressure for the accumulators. Later the same year he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on lighthouse technology. Too ill to attend the presentation, Dalén had his brother, ophthalmologist Professor Albin Dalén of the Caroline Institute, stand in his place.
The presentation speech praised the quality of sacrificing personal safety in scientific experimentation, a compliment that compared Dalén with Alfred Nobel himself. Despite his blindness, Dalén controlled AGA until his death in 1937. He received over 100 patents during his lifetime.
Dalén died on 9 December 1937 at the age of 68.
== Honours and awards ==
Nobel Prize for Physics 1912
Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Member of the Academy of Science and Engineering
== Image gallery ==
== References ==
== Further reading ==
Clark, R. N. (2003). "Nils Gustaf Dalén (1869–1937): Inventor, experimenter, engineer, and nobel laureate". IEEE Control Systems Magazine. 23 (4): 68–70. Bibcode:2003ICSys..23d..68C. doi:10.1109/MCS.2003.1213605.
== External links ==
Gustaf Dalén biography from the AGA corporation
(in Swedish) The Dalén Museum, a museum in Stenstorp celebrating Dalén
Clark, R.N. (2003). Nils Gustaf Dalen (1869–1937): inventor, experimenter, engineer, and Nobel laureate. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, [online] 23(4), pp. 68–70. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1213605 [Accessed 7 Nov. 2020].
‌
Gustaf Dalén on Nobelprize.org

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Harold Basil Christian (28 October 1871 – 12 May 1950) was a Cape Colony-born Rhodesian farmer, horticulturist, and botanist. Christian attended Eton College in the United Kingdom, where he was a distinguished athlete. He served in the Imperial Light Horse of the British Army during the Second Boer War, during which he fought in the Siege of Ladysmith. In the decade after the war, he worked in what is now South Africa for De Beers and later as an engineer for a mining company. In 1911, Christian moved to Rhodesia (today Zimbabwe). There, he purchased a sizable farm, which he named Ewanrigg. He was best known for his study and cultivation of aloe on his extensive estate, which was donated to the state upon his death and became a national park.
Christian initially attempted to grow imported European plants on his farm, but these tree species, which tend to be conifers, were not well-suited to the region's heat, dryness, and low altitude. In 1916, after it proved impossible to remove an unsightly rock from a spacious lawn in front of the house, Christian took an Aloe cameronii from a nearby hill and planted it in front of the stone. He was very impressed when the aloe flowered the next year despite not having been watered, and decided to focus thereafter on aloes rather than imported trees. During the 1930s, he expanded his garden and publishing his research on aloes in periodicals like the Rhodesian Agricultural Journal. Over the years, he became recognized by botanists around the world as an authority on African aloe species. One species was named Aloe christianii in his honor. In his later years, Christian focused on the cultivation of cycads as well.
== Early life, family, and education ==
Harold Basil Christian was born on 28 October 1871 in Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony (today South Africa). His father Henry Bailey Christian, was prominent in the city's agriculture, trade, and politics. Christian's grandfather, Ewan Christian, arrived at the Cape of Good Hope on his uncle Admiral Hugh Cloberry Christian's ship. His family was of Manx, English, and Welsh descent.
Christian's paternal ancestors were descended from the Cumberland family of deemsters, or judges, on the Isle of Man. One of his notable ancestors was Fletcher Christian, a participant in the mutiny on the Bounty. Fletcher was one of the mutineers who in 1790, settled on Pitcairn Island and established an isolated community. Christian's father, Henry Bailey Christian, a veteran of the 1846 Xhosas War, was a successful farmer and merchant and a prominent public figure.
Christian grew up Kragga Kama, the family farm, located 12 miles outside Port Elizabeth. He had three older brothers and four sisters. He studied at Eton College in the United Kingdom. There, he was a skilled athlete. The Eton College Chronicle in 1887 and 1888 reports his success in Association football (soccer), sculling, and rowing. In South Africa, he was an award-winning equestrian, an activity he shared with his father, who owned racehorses.
== Military service and early career ==
=== Second Boer War ===
After graduating from Eton, Christian returned to South Africa and served in the British Army in the Second Boer War. He served in the Imperial Light Horse and was the second to ride into battle at the Siege of Ladysmith. He later carried an injured comrade through heavy gunfire for 1.5 miles at the Battle of the Tugela Heights.
=== Work in mining ===
After the war until around 1910, Christian worked for De Beers in Kimberley, and later as an engineer for a mining company in the Witwatersrand. During this period, he met Cecil Rhodes while working in Kimberley. Christian said that on Rhodes' instruction, he became the first man to write "Rhodesia" on a map. An article in the journal Rhodesiana wrote that this story is "reasonably possible", as the British South Africa Company had used the term "Rhodesia" since 1895.
== Life in Rhodesia ==
=== Farming, discovery of aloes, and marriage ===
While working in the Northern Cape during his career in the mining business, Christian likely heard much about the colony of Rhodesia to the north. Christian emigrated to Rhodesia in 1911. Three years later, he purchased Mount Shannon Farm from Gerald Ernest George Fitzgibbon. The farm was located about 40 kilometers northeast of Salisbury (now Harare), in what today is Mashonaland East Province. He paid £5,000 for the 662-morgen farm, and renamed it Ewanrigg, after an old family property in the Isle of Man.

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After purchasing his farm, Christian constructed a house on a kopje and added a croquet lawn in front. He constructed a water garden, including a waterfall, which was popular with visitors. While the water feature appeared to flow continuously with a pump, in reality, water was brought up from a nearby stream in an ox-drawn cart and poured into a tank behind the waterfall, and the tap was opened just before visitors arrived. Spacious lawns were cleared in front of the house where Christian planned to develop a garden. He originally planted imported European alpines, inspired by the designs of the English gardeners he knew growing up on his father's farm in South Africa. However, the imported plants, which thrive in high altitudes, cooler temperatures, and generous amounts of water, were not suited to the hot, dry climate of Southern Africa.
In the center of the lawn, a large rock protruded above the ground and was unable to be removed despite much digging. In 1916, Christian's farm surveyor went to a hill close by, uprooted an Aloe cameronii, and planted it "to hide the stark appearance of this unsightly rock". When the plant flowered the next year despite no watering, Christian was so pleased that he decided to focus on gardening native African aloes instead of imported plants. From 1916 on, numerous rockeries were constructed and more and more aloes were acquired for the garden.
On 18 December 1920, Christian married Annabella Roberta Kemp Saint, a Scottish woman. Their marriage was held at the Cathedral of St Mary and All Saints in Salisbury, and was solemnized by Bishop William Carter of the Anglican Diocese of Cape Town. They had a short, difficult marriage, and in September 1923, they signed a separation agreement. She moved back to Scotland and died in 1955.
In addition to gardening, which began as a hobby, Christian was an active farmer and leading figure in the Rhodesian agriculture community. He was involved in starting a maize-growing competition in Mashonaland in which farmers competed to grow the most maize on one acre. He was often chosen to judge maize competitions. He was also instrumental in encouraging Rhodesian farmers to use fertilizer and better irrigation. He served as President of the Rhodesian Agricultural Union (today the Commercial Farmers' Union) from 1929 to 1931.
=== Cultivation and study of aloe ===
By the 1920s, Christian spent increasing amounts of time focusing on his garden. In the 1930s, he began traveling throughout Rhodesia and South Africa, searching for new varieties of aloe for his garden. He diligently collected, identified, cultivated, studied, and photographed different species, and published his research. In 1937, he journeyed throughout eastern Rhodesia, and the following year, he traveled to Nyasaland (today Malawi) to study the aloes there. From 1933 to 1952, he published articles and papers in various periodicals, and several were published posthumously. In 1933, he published his first article, "Notes on African Aloes," in the Rhodesian Agricultural Journal. In it, he advocated for the use of aloes as decorative plants due to their perennial nature, and requirement of little water.
Christian, and Gilbert W. Reynolds, South African optometrist, were the two foremost aloe enthusiasts at the time. Reynolds' study of aloe began in 1930, and in 1933, a friend in Port Elizabeth arranged for them to meet. They met for breakfast at the King Edward Hotel in Port Elizabeth, where they were both so engaged that neither man touched his food. The outcome of that first meeting was that the two decided that Christian would focus on aloes growing above the Limpopo River, while Reynolds would concentrate on aloes occurring south of the river.
In 1937 his right arm was amputated above the elbow, a consequence of a modest injury that did not heal properly. His disability forced him to give up other hobbies and focus almost entirely on gardening. In addition to aloes, he also had an interest in Barberton daisies. For the next decade and half, Christian spent much time preparing a book on tropical African aloe species. He filled several large leather-bound notebooks and plant registers with the fruits of his studies, but the idea of a book ultimately did not come about.
In mid-1939, Gilbert Reynolds visited Ewanrigg Farm. He published a detail description of his visit in the South African Horticultural Journal, in which he noted the rockeries, pools, and the prevalence of Aloe cameronii, which were in bloom at the time of his visit. He called the gardens "the finest and most complete collection of Aloes in existence".
Christian's growing reputation as an expert on the aloe genus, as well as requests to botanists at Kew Gardens in London and the South African Division of Botany in Pretoria, meant that crates and packages of aloes arrived at Ewanrigg with frequency. Upon arrival, they aloes were recorded and planted, and when they bloomed, their flowers were described and the descriptions were published. With the help of Inez Clare Verdoorn, they recorded 28 previously unidentified species. By the early 1940s, the gardens had been expanded to seven acres, and had earned an international reputation. Christian was by now seen as a top expert on aloe and on African aloes in particular. Governors of Southern Rhodesia were often invited to visit. The Minister of Internal Affairs declared the garden national monument in 1943.
During his later years, Christian continued to cultivate aloes but also began collecting and propagating cycads and other genera. He developed an extensive collection of African cycads, and nearly all species of the genus Encephalartos could be found at Ewanrigg. In 1947, he went on a thorough cycad tour of South Africa with Inez Clare Verdoorn and others, where they traveled from the Transvaal through Natal and examined all known localities of encephalartos. In addition to cycads, he was interested in euphorbia. In the 1941 book Succulent Euphorbieae of Southern Africa, Christian is listed in the acknowledgements, and several of his photographs were used in the book.

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One variety of aloe, recorded by Gilbert Reynolds as a species which Christian first collected at his farm, was named Aloe christianii in his honor, and a plant was donated to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
In 1948, he subdivided his estate, selling some portions and retaining 707 acres. On 5 June 1948, with William Daniel Gale and J. B. Richards serving as witnesses, Christian signed a codicil to his will in which he granted part of his farm, including his garden, to the state. Christian's decision to leave his garden to the state was appreciatively received by The Rhodesia Herald, which published an article on 8 June 1948 that read, "If the offer of the owner Mr. Basil Christian is accepted by the Rhodesian Government, the finest and most complete collection of aloes and cycads in the world will become the property of the Colony for all time." Christian said in an interview his work could not have been achieved and his collection could not have been expanded such were it not for the botanists at Kew and the South African government's Division of Botany, who frequently sent him new specimens. In the interview, he noted that while other gardens had a greater number of species, Ewanrigg had still made a significant contribution to science, and that the complete records of all the species would be donated to the state along with the garden.
== Death and legacy ==
After a lengthy illness, Christian died on Friday, 12 May 1950, at St Anne's Hospital in Salisbury, aged 79. He was buried the following day at Salisbury Cemetery, following a funeral liturgy at the city's Anglican cathedral. In tributes publishing following his death, Christian was remembered as a proud Old Etonian, an enthusiastic member of the Rhodesian Agricultural Union, an active member of The Salisbury Club, and a skilled horseback rider. A plaque was placed at Ewanrigg in his memory by the Botanical Society of Southern Rhodesia.
His 1921 will could not be located, nor could a 1923 codicil. However, a 1927 codicil confirming part of the original 1921 will was available, in addition to the codicil from 1948 that left his garden to the state. Some doubts existed about whether Christian had planned to donate his entire 707-acre Ewanrigg Farm, or only the 14.5 acres that were declared a national monument in 1943. The 1948 codicil was worded as such that the issue was not immediately settled. The matter was resolved amicably when his executor, his wife's lawyer, and the Minister of Internal Affairs agreed that the Christian's intention was that the entirety of Ewanrigg should be transferred to the government's Natural Resources Board and the Commission for the Preservation of Natural and Historical Monuments and Relics. It was also decided that all income of Ewanrigg should go to his wife, Annabella Roberta Kemp Saint, from whom he had been separated since 1923.
In 1950, the estate was named Ewanrigg Botanical Garden and became open to the public. In 1960, Governor Humphrey Gibbs declared it a national park. The Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority manage the garden today.
== See also ==
List of professional gardeners
List of Old Etonians born in the 19th century
== References ==

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Jairo Raúl Clopatofsky Ghisays (born 20 October 1961) is a Colombian politician. A Party of the U politician, Clopatofsky had served in the Congress of Colombia, as Senator and as Representative for the Capital District, and most recently as the 17th general director of Coldeportes from 2010 to 2012.
In 1982 he experienced an automotive accident that left him paraplegic and reliant on a wheelchair. In 2005 he went through an experimental stem cell transplant surgery procedure, using olfactory adult stem cells into the spinal cord. After 22 years of paraplegia, and loss of sensation from the waist down, Clopatofsky was able to regain sensation in his legs and successfully took his first steps thanks to physical therapy and the operation.
== Career ==
Clopatofsky studied at the Liceo de La Salle until 10th grade when he enrolled in the Cadet Naval Academy in Cartagena. He graduated from University of La Sabana with a Bachelor of Business Administration, and received a scholarship to study at Harvard University where he received a Master of Public Administration. He also did specializations in Political Science from the Pontifical Xavierian University, and in Public Administration from the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies at the National Defense University in the United States.
In 1988 Clopatofsky created the Independent Civic Movement a Colombian political movement, aimed at countering the partisan political system of the time.
=== Congressman ===
In 1991 was elected to the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia for the term between 1991 and 1994 representing Bogotá. In 1994 Clopatofsky was elected to the Senate of Colombia for the period between 1994 and 1998. In 2002 he returned to the senate after winning in the legislative elections of 2002. His party then adhered to the Social National Unity Party which supported Álvaro Uribe to the presidency of Colombia.
In 2006 Clopatofsky was reelected in the legislative elections of 2006. Clopatofsky is member of the Second Commission of the Senate which debates topics related to defense and international relations of Colombia, as well as participant in the Special Commission for Foreign Affairs.
=== Head of Consulate in Western Canada ===
In 2012 he assumed the role as head of the newly opened Colombian Consulate in Vancouver, Canada.
== Philanthropy ==
Clopatofsky is the founder and director of the Fundación Promover por Colombia which seeks to benefit people with physical disabilities.
== References ==

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Pablo Echenique Robba (born 28 August 1978) is an Argentine-born Spanish physicist and politician. As a scientist, he holds a position at the Spanish National Research Council in Zaragoza (CSIC).
He came to Spain aged 13 to live in Zaragoza. He had Spinal muscular atrophy. Echenique was elected a member of the Congress of Deputies in the April 2019 Spanish general election along with the left-wing political party Podemos. Previously, Echenique was one of the five MEPs elected by Podemos in the 2014 European Parliament election, and was a member of the Aragonese Corts between 2015 and 2017.
In October 2020, he was fined €11,040 for the irregular employment of his assistant. In November 2020, he was fined €80,000 for saying that a man who was murdered in 1985 was a rapist. The Supreme Court subsequently annulled this conviction after concluding that he did not make a direct accusation against the plaintiff's brother, but rather expressed a show of solidarity with his political colleague.
== References ==
== External links ==
Pablo Echenique on Facebook
Pablo Echenique on X
De retrones y hombres (in Spanish)
Pablo Echenique Robba at the European Parliament

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Lorenz Peter Elfred Freuchen (20 February 1886 – 2 September 1957) was a Danish explorer, author, journalist and anthropologist. He is notable for his role in Arctic exploration, namely the Thule Expeditions.
== Early life, family and education ==
Freuchen was born in Nykøbing Falster, Denmark, the son of Anne Petrine Frederikke (née Rasmussen; 1862–1945) and Lorentz Benzon Freuchen (1859–1927), a businessman. Freuchen was baptized in the local church. He attended the University of Copenhagen where for a time he studied medicine.
== Career ==
In 1906, he went on his first expedition to Greenland as a member of the Denmark expedition. Between 1910 and 1924, he undertook several expeditions, often with the noted Polar explorer Knud Rasmussen. He worked with Rasmussen in crossing the Greenland ice sheet. He spent many years in North Star Bay, Greenland, living with the Polar Inuit. In 1935, Freuchen visited South Africa, and by the end of the decade, he had travelled to Siberia.
In 1910, Rasmussen and Freuchen established the Thule Trading Station at North Star Bay in the Cape York district of Greenland, as a trading base. The name Thule was chosen because it was the most northerly trading post in the world, literally the "Ultima Thule". Thule Trading Station became the home base for a series of seven expeditions, known as the Thule Expeditions, between 1912 and 1933.
The First Thule Expedition (1912, Rasmussen, Freuchen, Inukitsork, and Uvdloriark) aimed to test Robert Peary's claim that a channel divided Peary Land from Greenland. They proved this was not the case in a 1,000 km (620 mi) journey across the inland ice that almost killed them. Clements Markham, president of the Royal Geographical Society, called the journey the "finest ever performed by dogs." Freuchen wrote personal accounts of this journey (and others) in Vagrant Viking (1953) and I Sailed with Rasmussen (1958). He states in Vagrant Viking that only one other dogsled trip across Greenland was ever successful. When he got stuck under an avalanche, he claims to have used his own feces to fashion a dagger with which he freed himself.
While in Denmark, Freuchen and Rasmussen held a series of lectures about their expeditions and the Inuit culture.
Freuchen's first wife, Mequpaluk, who took the name Navarana, accompanied him on several expeditions. When she died he wanted her buried in the old church graveyard in Upernavik. The church refused to perform the burial, because Navarana was not baptized, so Freuchen buried her himself. Knud Rasmussen later used the name Navarana for the lead role in the movie Palos Brudefærd which was filmed in East Greenland in 1933. Freuchen strongly criticized the Christian church which sent missionaries among the Inuit without understanding their culture and traditions.
When Freuchen returned to Denmark in the 1920s, he joined the Social Democrats and contributed with articles in the newspaper Politiken. From 1926 to 1932, he served as the editor-in-chief of a magazine, Ude og Hjemme ('Out and At Home'), owned by the family of his second wife. He was also the leader of a movie company.
In 1932, Freuchen returned to Greenland. This time the expedition was financed by the American Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studios.
He was also employed by the film industry as a consultant and scriptwriter, specializing in Arctic-related scripts, most notably MGM's Oscar-winning Eskimo/Mala The Magnificent starring Ray Mala, and featuring Freuchen as Ship Captain. The film is based on Freuchen's novels Der Eskimo and Die Flucht ins weisse Land.
In 1938, he founded The Adventurer's Club of Denmark (Danish: Eventyrernes Klub), which still exists. They later honored his memory by planting an oak tree and creating an Inuksuk (a type of stone landmark or cairn) near the place where he left Denmark for Greenland in 1906. It is situated east of Langeliniebroen in central Copenhagen and not far from the statue of The Little Mermaid.
During World War II, Freuchen was actively involved with the Danish resistance movement against the occupation by Nazi Germany despite having lost his left foot to frostbite in 1926. He openly claimed to be Jewish whenever he witnessed anti-semitism. Freuchen was imprisoned by the Germans and sentenced to death, but he managed to escape and flee to Sweden. In 1945 he married Danish-Jewish designer Dagmar Freuchen-Gale.
In 1956, he won the main prize on The $64,000 Question, an American TV quiz-show, on the subject "The Seven Seas"; it made him instantly better known in the United States due to the popularity of the show.
As he related in Vagrant Viking, he was friends with the royal families of Scandinavia and other countries, and his movie work in New York City and Hollywood brought him into the 'royalty' of moving pictures and the political world of Washington, D.C.
== Personal life ==
Freuchen was married three times. He was first married in 1911 to Navarana Mequpaluk (d. 1921), an Inuk woman who died in the Spanish Flu epidemic after bearing two children (a boy named Mequsaq Avataq Igimaqssusuktoranguapaluk (1916 – c. 1962) and a girl named Pipaluk Jette Tukuminguaq Kasaluk Palika (1918–1999)). His second marriage was to Magdalene Vang Lauridsen (1881–1960), daughter of Johannes Peter Lauridsen (1847–1920), Danish businessman and director of Danmarks Nationalbank. The marriage started in 1924 and was dissolved in 1944. In 1945, he married Danish fashion illustrator, Dagmar Cohn (1907–1991).
Freuchen's grandson, Peter Ittinuar, was the first Inuk in Canada to be elected as an MP, and represented the electoral district of Nunatsiaq in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1984.
From 1926 to 1940, Freuchen owned the Danish island Enehøje in Nakskov Fjord. During this period he wrote several books and articles and entertained guests. At this time, Freuchen became heavily invested in socialism and anti-fascism. Since 2000, the uninhabited island has been a part of Nakskov Vildtreservat, a wildlife reserve.
In his later years, Freuchen and his wife Dagmar lived in New York City and maintained a second home in Noank, Connecticut.
The preface of his last work, Book of the Seven Seas, is dated 30 August 1957, in Noank. He died of a heart attack three days later at the Elmendorf Air Force Base in Anchorage, Alaska. After his death, his ashes were scattered on the famous table-shaped Mount Dundas outside of Thule.
== Honours and awards ==
Member, Royal Danish Geographical Society
Fellow, American Geographical Society
1921 – Hans Egede Medal from the Royal Danish Geographical Society
Freuchen Land in Greenland was named after him and Navarana Fjord was named after his first wife.
== Literary prizes ==
1938 – Sophus Michaëlis' Legat
1954 – Herman Bangs Mindelegat
1955 – Kaptajn H.C. Lundgreens Legat
== Selected works ==
== Biography ==
Mitenbuler, Reid (2023). Wanderlust: An Eccentric Explorer, an Epic Journey, a Lost Age. HarperCollins. ISBN 9780063323155.
== References ==
== External links ==
Peter Freuchen on litteraturpriser.dk (Danish)
Peter Freuchen (Danish)
Photograph of Peter Freuchen and Dagmar Freuchen (Irving Penn)
Petri Liukkonen, Peter Freuchen, Authors' Calendar
Works by or about Peter Freuchen at the Internet Archive