---
title: "Scientific phenomena named after people"
chunk: 5/10
source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_phenomena_named_after_people"
category: "reference"
tags: "science, encyclopedia"
date_saved: "2026-05-05T03:30:18.817718+00:00"
instance: "kb-cron"
---

== G ==
Gabriel synthesis – Siegmund Gabriel
Gardner transition – Elizabeth Gardner
Garman limit – Elspeth Garman
Gattermann reaction – Ludwig Gattermann
Gattermann–Koch reaction – Ludwig Gattermann and Julius Arnold Koch
Gaunt factor (or Kramers–Gaunt factor) – John Arthur Gaunt (and Hendrik Anthony Kramers)
Gause's principle – Georgii Gause
Gauss's law – Carl Friedrich Gauss
Gauss–Bonnet gravity, theorem – Carl Friedrich Gauss and Pierre Ossian Bonnet
Geib–Spevack process (a.k.a. Girdler sulfide (GS) process) – Karl-Hermann Geib and Jerome S. Spevack (and the Girdler company, which built the first American plant using the process)
Geiger counter (a.k.a. Geiger–Müller counter) – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger (and Walther Müller)
Geiger–Marsden experiment (a.k.a. Rutherford experiment) – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and Ernest Marsden
Geiger–Müller tube – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and Walther Müller
Geiger–Nuttall law/rule – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and John Mitchell Nuttall
Geissler tube – Heinrich Geissler
Gibbs entropy, free energy, paradox, Gibbs's phase rule, Gibbs phenomenon – Josiah Willard Gibbs
Gibbs–Donnan effect (a.k.a. Donnan effect) – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Frederick G. Donnan
Gibbs–Marangoni effect (a.k.a. Marangoni effect) – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Carlo Marangoni
Gibbs–Helmholtz equation – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Hermann von Helmholtz
Gibbs–Thomson effect – Josiah Willard Gibbs and three Thomsons: James Thomson, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Joseph John "J. J." Thomson
Giffen good – Robert Giffen
Gleissberg solar cycle – Wolfgang Gleißberg
Gloger's rule – Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger
Goldbach's conjecture – Christian Goldbach
Goldstone boson (a.k.a. Nambu–Goldstone boson) – see Nambu–Goldstone boson, below
Gomberg–Bachmann reaction – Moses Gomberg and Werner Emmanuel Bachmann
Goodhart's law – Charles Goodhart
Goos–Hänchen effect or shift – Fritz Goos and Hilda Hänchen
Gould Belt – Benjamin Gould
Grashof number – Franz Grashof
Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin cut-off/limit (a.k.a. GZK cutoff/limit) – Kenneth Greisen, Georgiy Zatsepin and Vadim Kuzmin
Gresham's law – Thomas Gresham
Griess test (diazotization reaction) – Johann Peter Griess
Grignard reaction – François Auguste Victor Grignard
Grob fragmentation – Cyril A. Grob
Gromov–Witten invariant – Mikhail Gromov and Edward Witten
Grosch's law – Herbert Reuben John Grosch
Grotrian diagram – Walter Robert Wilhelm Grotrian
Grotthuss chain – Christian Johann Dietrich Theodor von Grotthuss
Grotthuss–Draper law – Christian Johann Dietrich Theodor von Grotthuss and John William Draper
Gunn diode, effect – John Battiscombe "J. B." Gunn
Gunning fog index – Robert Gunning
Gustafson's law, a.k.a. Gustafson–Barsis's law – John L. Gustafson (and Edward H. Barsis)
Gutenberg–Richter law – Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter

== H ==
Haar measure – Alfréd Haar
Hadamard inequality – Jacques Solomon Hadamard
Hadamard transform (a.k.a. Hadamard–Rademacher–Walsh transform) – Jacques Hadamard, Hans Rademacher, and Joseph L. Walsh
Hadley cell – George Hadley
Hagedorn temperature – Rolf Hagedorn
Haitz's law – Roland Haitz
Haldane effect – John Scott Haldane
Haldane's principle – John Burdon Sanderson Haldane
Hale solar cycle – George Ellery Hale
Hall effect – Edwin Hall
Hamilton's rule – William Donald "Bill" Hamilton
Hamming code, Hamming distance, Hamming weight – Richard Hamming
Hammond postulate – George Simms Hammond
Hanle effect – Wilhelm Hanle
Hardy notation, space – Godfrey Harold Hardy
Hardy–Littlewood circle method, first conjecture – Godfrey Harold Hardy and John E. Littlewood
Hardy–Weinberg principle – Wilhelm Weinberg and Godfrey Harold Hardy
Harrod–Johnson diagram – Roy F. Harrod and Harry G. Johnson
Hartley oscillator – Ralph Hartley
Hartman effect – Thomas E. Hartman
Hartmann mask (or hat) – Johannes Hartmann
Hartree energy – Douglas Hartree
Hasse's algorithm – see Collatz conjecture, above
Hasse diagram, principle – Helmut Hasse
Hasse–Minkowski theorem – Helmut Hasse and Hermann Minkowski
Hausdorff dimension – Felix Hausdorff
Hawthorne effect – from the Hawthorne Works factory (where experiments were carried out 1924–1932)
Hayashi track – Chushiro Hayashi
Hayflick limit – Leonard Hayflick
Hawking radiation (a.k.a. Bekenstein–Hawking radiation) – Stephen Hawking (and Jacob Bekenstein)
Heaps's law (a.k.a. Herdan's law, Herdan–Heaps law) – Harold Stanley Heaps (and Gustav Herdan)
Heaviside layer – see Kennelly–Heaviside layer
Hebbian learning – Donald Olding Hebb
Heine–Borel theorem – Heinrich Eduard Heine and Émile Borel
Heinlein's razor – see Hanlon's razor, above
Heisenberg uncertainty principle – Werner Heisenberg
Hellmann–Feynman theorem – Hans Hellmann and Richard Feynman
Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz resonance – Hermann von Helmholtz
Hénon map – Michel Hénon
Hénon–Heiles system, potential – Michel Hénon and Carl E. Heiles
Henrietta's law – see Leavitt's law, below
Henyey track – Louis G. Henyey
Herbig Ae/Be star – George Herbig
Herbig–Haro object – George Herbig and Guillermo Haro
Herbrand base, interpretation, structure, universe, and Herbrand's theorem – Jacques Herbrand
Hertz effect – Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
Hertzsprung–Russell diagram – Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell
Hess afterimage – Carl von Hess
Hess diagram – R. Hess
Heusler alloy – Fritz Heusler
Heyting algebra, arithmetic – Arend Heyting
Hick's law, a.k.a. Hick–Hyman law – William Edmund Hick and Ray Hyman
Higgs boson, field – Peter Higgs
Higgs mechanism – see Anderson–Higgs mechanism, above
Hilbert–Waring theorem (a.k.a. Waring's problem) – David Hilbert and Edward Waring
Hill sphere (a.k.a. Roche sphere) – George William Hill (and Édouard Roche)
Hills cloud – Jack G. Hills
Hipparchic cycle – Hipparchus of Nicaea (a.k.a. Hipparchus of Rhodes)
Hirayama family – Kiyotsugu Hirayama
Hirsch–Meeks fusor – Robert L. Hirsch and Gene A. Meeks
Hofstadter's butterfly, law – Douglas Hofstadter
Hopfield dielectric – John J. Hopfield
Hopfield network – John J. Hopfield
Hopkinson effect – John Hopkinson
Hořava–Lifshitz gravity – Petr Hořava and Evgeny Lifshitz
Hořava–Witten domain wall – Petr Hořava and Edward Witten
Hubbert peak – Marion King Hubbert
Hubble constant, expansion – Edwin Hubble
Hubble–Reynolds law – Edwin Hubble and John Henry Reynolds
Huchra's Lens – John Huchra
Humphreys line/series – Curtis J. Humphreys
Hund's Rules – Friedrich Hund
Hunsdiecker reaction – Heinz Hunsdiecker and Cläre Hunsdiecker
Huygens–Fresnel principle – Christiaan Huygens and Augustin-Jean Fresnel

== I ==
Imbert–Fedorov effect – Christian Imbert and Fedor Ivanovič Fedorov
Ishikawa diagram – Kaoru Ishikawa
Ising model (a.k.a. Lenz–Ising model) – Ernst Ising (and Wilhelm Lenz)