---
title: "Science in newly industrialized countries"
chunk: 3/3
source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_in_newly_industrialized_countries"
category: "reference"
tags: "science, encyclopedia"
date_saved: "2026-05-05T03:25:48.936410+00:00"
instance: "kb-cron"
---

The earliest applications of science in India took place in the context of medicine, metallurgy, construction technology (such as ship building, manufacture of cement and paints) and in textile production and dyeing. But in the process of understanding chemical processes, led to some theories about physical processes and the forces of nature that are today studied as specific topics within the fields of chemistry and physics.
Many mathematical concepts today were contributed by Indian mathematicians like Aryabhata.
There was really no place for scientists in the Indian caste system. Thus while there were/are castes for the learned brahmins, the warriors kshatriyas, the traders vaishyas and the menial workers shudras, maybe even the bureaucrats (the kayasths) there was/is hardly any formal place in the social hierarchy for a people who discover new knowledge or invent new devices based on the recently discovered knowledge, even though scientific temper has always been in India, in the form of logic, reasoning and method of acquiring knowledge. Its therefore no wonder that some Indians quickly learned to value science, especially those belonging to the privileged Brahmin caste during the British colonial rule that lasted over two centuries. Some Indians did succeed to achieve notable success and fame, examples include Satyendra Nath Bose, Meghnad Saha, Jagdish Chandra Bose and C. V. Raman even though they belonged to different castes. The science communication had begun with publication of a scientific journal, Asiatick Researches in 1788. Thereafter, the science communication in India has evolved in many facets. Following this, there has been a continuing development in the formation of scientific institutions and publication of scientific literature. Subsequently, scientific publications also started appearing in Indian languages by the end of eighteenth century. The publication of ancient scientific literature and textbooks at mass scale started in the beginning of nineteenth century. The scientific and technical terms, however, had been a great difficulty for a long time for popular science writing.

== See also ==
Science and technology in Iran
Science and technology in Pakistan
Science and technology in the Philippines
Science and technology in Turkey

== References ==

== External links ==
Raising the Level of Science in Developing Countries
Improving Science Literacy and Conservation in Developing Countries at the Wayback Machine (archived 2007-07-02)
Science in Indian subcontinent at the Wayback Machine (archived 2007-09-07)
Role of Education, Science and Technology in Developing Countries Archived 2008-05-15 at the Wayback Machine
India science report at the Library of Congress Web Archives (archived 2005-10-07)