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title: "Sampling (statistics)"
chunk: 8/8
source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(statistics)"
category: "reference"
tags: "science, encyclopedia"
date_saved: "2026-05-05T03:45:25.903358+00:00"
instance: "kb-cron"
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Robert Groves, et alia. Survey methodology (2010 2nd ed. [2004]) ISBN 0-471-48348-6.
The other books focus on the statistical theory of survey sampling and require some knowledge of basic statistics, as discussed in the following  textbooks:

David S. Moore and George P. McCabe (February 2005). "Introduction to the practice of statistics" (5th edition). W.H. Freeman & Company. ISBN 0-7167-6282-X.
Freedman, David; Pisani, Robert; Purves, Roger (2007). Statistics (4th ed.). New York: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-92972-0.
The elementary book by Scheaffer et alia uses quadratic equations from high-school algebra:

Scheaffer, Richard L., William Mendenhal and R. Lyman Ott. Elementary survey sampling, Fifth Edition. Belmont: Duxbury Press, 1996.
More mathematical statistics is required for Lohr, for Särndal et alia, and for Cochran:

Cochran, William G. (1977). Sampling techniques (Third ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-16240-7.
Lohr, Sharon L. (1999). Sampling: Design and analysis. Duxbury. ISBN 978-0-534-35361-2.
Särndal, Carl-Erik; Swensson, Bengt; Wretman, Jan (1992). Model assisted survey sampling. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-40620-6.
The historically important books by Deming and Kish remain valuable for insights for social scientists (particularly about the U.S. census and the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan):

Deming, W. Edwards (1966). Some Theory of Sampling. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-64684-8. OCLC 166526.
Kish, Leslie (1995) Survey Sampling, Wiley, ISBN 0-471-10949-5

== References ==

== Further reading ==
Singh, G N, Jaiswal, A. K., and Pandey A. K. (2021), Improved Imputation Methods for Missing Data in Two-Occasion Successive Sampling, Communications in Statistics: Theory and Methods. DOI:10.1080/03610926.2021.1944211
Chambers, R L, and Skinner, C J (editors) (2003), Analysis of Survey Data, Wiley, ISBN 0-471-89987-9
Deming, W. Edwards (1975) On probability as a basis for action, The American Statistician, 29(4), pp. 146–152.
Gy, P (2012) Sampling of Heterogeneous and Dynamic Material Systems: Theories of Heterogeneity, Sampling and Homogenizing, Elsevier Science, ISBN 978-0444556066
Korn, E.L., and Graubard, B.I. (1999) Analysis of Health Surveys, Wiley, ISBN 0-471-13773-1
Lucas, Samuel R. (2012). doi:10.1007/s11135-012-9775-3 "Beyond the Existence Proof: Ontological Conditions, Epistemological Implications, and In-Depth Interview Research."], Quality & Quantity, doi:10.1007/s11135-012-9775-3.
Stuart, Alan (1962) Basic Ideas of Scientific Sampling, Hafner Publishing Company, New York 
Smith, T. M. F. (1984). "Present Position and Potential Developments: Some Personal Views: Sample surveys". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A. 147 (The 150th Anniversary of the Royal Statistical Society, number 2): 208–221. doi:10.2307/2981677. JSTOR 2981677.
Smith, T. M. F. (1993). "Populations and Selection: Limitations of Statistics (Presidential address)". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A. 156 (2): 144–166. doi:10.2307/2982726. JSTOR 2982726. (Portrait of T. M. F. Smith on page 144)
Smith, T. M. F. (2001). "Centenary: Sample surveys". Biometrika. 88 (1): 167–243. doi:10.1093/biomet/88.1.167.
Smith, T. M. F. (2001). "Biometrika centenary: Sample surveys". In D. M. Titterington and D. R. Cox (ed.). Biometrika: One Hundred Years. Oxford University Press. pp. 165–194. ISBN 978-0-19-850993-6.
Whittle, P. (May 1954). "Optimum preventative sampling". Journal of the Operations Research Society of America. 2 (2): 197–203. doi:10.1287/opre.2.2.197. JSTOR 166605.

== Standards ==

=== ISO ===
ISO 2859 series
ISO 3951 series

=== ASTM ===
ASTM E105 Standard Practice for Probability Sampling Of Materials
ASTM E122 Standard Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With a Specified Tolerable Error, the Average for Characteristic of a Lot or Process
ASTM E141 Standard Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the Results of Probability Sampling
ASTM E1402 Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling
ASTM E1994 Standard Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and LTPD Sampling Plans
ASTM E2234 Standard Practice for Sampling a Stream of Product by Attributes Indexed by AQL

=== ANSI, ASQ ===
ANSI/ASQ Z1.4

=== U.S. federal and military standards ===
MIL-STD-105
MIL-STD-1916

== External links ==

 Media related to Sampling (statistics) at Wikimedia Commons