---
title: "Game theory"
chunk: 12/13
source: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_theory"
category: "reference"
tags: "science, encyclopedia"
date_saved: "2026-05-05T03:56:32.715747+00:00"
instance: "kb-cron"
---

== See also ==
Applied ethics – Practical application of moral considerations
Bandwidth-sharing game – Type of resource allocation game
Chainstore paradox – Game theory paradox
Collective intentionality – Social concept in philosophy of mind
Core (game theory) – Set in game theory
Glossary of game theory
Intra-household bargaining
Kingmaker scenario – Endgame situation in game theory
Law and economics – Analysis of law using economic theory
Mutual assured destruction – Doctrine of military strategyPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Outline of artificial intelligence
Parrondo's paradox – Paradox of combining strategies
Precautionary principle – Risk management strategy
Quantum refereed game
Risk management – Identification, evaluation and control of risks
Self-confirming equilibrium – Aspect of game theory
Tragedy of the commons – Overuse of a shared resource
Traveler's dilemma – Non-zero-sum game thought experiment
Wilson doctrine (economics) – Argument in economic theory
Compositional game theory
Lists

List of cognitive biases
List of emerging technologies
List of games in game theory

== Notes ==

== References ==

== Further reading ==

Ben-David, S.; Borodin, A.; Karp, R.; Tardos, G.; Wigderson, A. (January 1994). "On the power of randomization in on-line algorithms". Algorithmica. 11 (1): 2–14. doi:10.1007/BF01294260. S2CID 26771869.
Downs, Anthony (1957), An Economic theory of Democracy, New York: Harper
Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer (1930). The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. Clarendon Press.
Gauthier, David (1986), Morals by agreement, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-824992-4
Grim, Patrick; Kokalis, Trina; Alai-Tafti, Ali; Kilb, Nicholas; St Denis, Paul (2004), "Making meaning happen", Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 16 (4): 209–243, Bibcode:2004JETAI..16..209G, doi:10.1080/09528130412331294715, S2CID 5737352
Harper, David; Maynard Smith, John (2003), Animal signals, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-852685-8
Howard, Nigel (1971), Paradoxes of Rationality: Games, Metagames, and Political Behavior, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-58237-7
Kavka, Gregory S. (1986). Hobbesian Moral and Political Theory. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02765-4.
Lewis, David (1969), Convention: A Philosophical Study, ISBN 978-0-631-23257-5 (2002 edition)
Maynard Smith, John; Price, George R. (1973), "The logic of animal conflict", Nature, 246 (5427): 15–18, Bibcode:1973Natur.246...15S, doi:10.1038/246015a0, S2CID 4224989
Osborne, Martin J.; Rubinstein, Ariel (1994), A course in game theory, MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-65040-3. A modern introduction at the graduate level.
Poundstone, William (1993). Prisoner's Dilemma (1st Anchor Books ed.). New York: Anchor. ISBN 0-385-41580-X.
Quine, W.v.O (1967), "Truth by Convention", Philosophica Essays for A.N. Whitehead, Russel and Russel Publishers, ISBN 978-0-8462-0970-6
Quine, W.v.O (1960), "Carnap and Logical Truth", Synthese, 12 (4): 350–374, doi:10.1007/BF00485423, S2CID 46979744
Skyrms, Brian (1996), Evolution of the social contract, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-55583-8
Skyrms, Brian (2004), The stag hunt and the evolution of social structure, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-53392-8
Sober, Elliott; Wilson, David Sloan (1998), Unto others: the evolution and psychology of unselfish behavior, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-93047-6
Webb, James N. (2007), Game theory: decisions, interaction and evolution, Undergraduate mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-1-84628-423-6 Consistent treatment of game types usually claimed by different applied fields, e.g. Markov decision processes.

=== Textbooks and general literature ===
Aumann, Robert J (1987), "game theory", The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, vol. 2, pp. 460–82.
Camerer, Colin (2003), "Introduction", Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction, Russell Sage Foundation, pp. 1–25, ISBN 978-0-691-09039-9, archived from the original on 14 May 2011, retrieved 9 February 2011, Description.
Dutta, Prajit K. (1999), Strategies and games: theory and practice, MIT Press, ISBN 978-0-262-04169-0. Suitable for undergraduate and business students.
Fernandez, L F.; Bierman, H S. (1998), Game theory with economic applications, Addison-Wesley, ISBN 978-0-201-84758-1. Suitable for upper-level undergraduates.
Gaffal, Margit; Padilla Gálvez, Jesús (2014). Dynamics of Rational Negotiation: Game Theory, Language Games and Forms of Life. Springer.
Gibbons, Robert D. (1992), Game theory for applied economists, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-00395-5. Suitable for advanced undergraduates.
Published in Europe as Gibbons, Robert (2001), A Primer in Game Theory, London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, ISBN 978-0-7450-1159-2.
Gintis, Herbert (2000), Game theory evolving: a problem-centered introduction to modeling strategic behavior, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-00943-8
Green, Jerry R.; Mas-Colell, Andreu; Whinston, Michael D. (1995), Microeconomic theory, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-507340-9. Presents game theory in formal way suitable for graduate level.
Joseph E. Harrington (2008) Games, strategies, and decision making, Worth, ISBN 0-7167-6630-2. Textbook suitable for undergraduates in applied fields; numerous examples, fewer formalisms in concept presentation.
Isaacs, Rufus (1999), Differential Games: A Mathematical Theory With Applications to Warfare and Pursuit, Control and Optimization, New York: Dover Publications, ISBN 978-0-486-40682-4
Michael Maschler; Eilon Solan; Shmuel Zamir (2013), Game Theory, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-108-49345-1. Undergraduate textbook.
Miller, James H. (2003), Game theory at work: how to use game theory to outthink and outmaneuver your competition, New York: McGraw-Hill, ISBN 978-0-07-140020-6. Suitable for a general audience.
Shoham, Yoav; Leyton-Brown, Kevin (2009), Multiagent Systems: Algorithmic, Game-Theoretic, and Logical Foundations, New York: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-89943-7, retrieved 8 March 2016
Watson, Joel (2013), Strategy: An Introduction to Game Theory (3rd edition), New York: W.W. Norton and Co., ISBN 978-0-393-91838-0. A leading textbook at the advanced undergraduate level.
McCain, Roger A. (2010). Game Theory: A Nontechnical Introduction to the Analysis of Strategy. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-4289-65-8.